Archive

A Review on the Role of Neuro-Inflammation in Multiple Sclerosis: Mechanisms, Pathogenesis, and Therapeutic Implications

Monish Khan*; Umesh Kumar; Shmmon Ahmad; Mohd Zaid Chaudhary; Mohd Asif

    Neuroinflammation is a prominent cause of multiple sclerosis pathogenesis. As a result, a greater understanding of the role played by neuroinflammation in these devastating conditions development should be deemed necessary for the design of effective new therapies.


Fluid Shifts and Cerebral Pseudo atrophy Secondary to Leaky Vessels and Gravity: A Case Report

Wissam Deeb; Ribal Bassil; Roberto Bomprezzi*

    The relevance of fluid shifts related to the impaired competence of the blood brain barrier in the absence of traumatic brain injury may be under-recognized and the clinical impact of shifts of fluids in the brain in the context of an acute systemic illness may pose a challenge to neurologists, intensivists and radiologists.


Faculty of Dentistry Student opinions on Learning Neuroanatomy Lesson by Distance Education in the Covid-19 Process

Erengül Boduc

    The Covid-19 pandemic has left very effective traces in every area in the world, and the health areas have been the most affected by this situation. One of these affected health areas is dentistry. In this study, the efficiency of the neuroanatomy course, which is difficult to understand even in face-to-face education, in the distance education process and alternative ways were evaluated through student opinions.


A Retrospective Pilot Study Suggesting an Increased Prevalence of Stroke in Patients with Breast Cancer in the Greater Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky Region

Rohan Rao; Abigail Koehler; Jane Khoury; Kiran Desai; Yehudit Rothman; Lalanthica V Yogendran; Kathleen Alwell; Elizabeth Shaughnessy; Wuwei Feng; Stacie L Demel; Soma Sengupta*

    We identified a subset of 137 patients from the Greater Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky area (GCNK Region; Hamilton and Clermont counties in Ohio and Boone, Campbell, and Kenton counties in Kentucky) who had a diagnosis of cancer before a stroke. Then, further analysis was performed on the 98 patients within this population who had an ischemic stroke or TIA.


Knowledge of Cardiovascular Diseases as Stroke Risk Factors, and Acute Stroke Treatment and Secondary Prevention Among Medical Doctors in an Upper Middle-Income Country: A Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study in Greater Gaborone, Botswana

Ookeditse Ookeditse*; Thusego R Motswakadikgwa; Kebadiretse K Ookeditse; Gosiame Masilo; Yaone Bogatsu; Baleufi C Lekobe; Mosepele Mosepele; Henrik Schirmer; Stein H Johnsen

    Aims: In this cross-sectional study from Botswana (upper middle-income country), the objective was to investigate awareness and knowledge of cardiovascular diseases as stroke risk factors, acute stroke treatment and secondary prevention among medical doctors.


3D-EEG Source Imaging Moving Dipole Methodology Reduces Surgical Failure In Pediatric Patients With Tuberous Sclerosis Complex

Angelo Russo; Matt Lallas; Prasanna Jayakar; Stefania Nicassio; Serena Mazzone; Ian Miller; Ann Hyslop; Catalina Dunoyer; Trevor Resnick; Duccio Maria Cordelli1; Michael Duchowny

    To investigate the localizing ability and surgical outcome using 3D-EEG Source Imaging (3D-ESI) Moving Dipole (MD) methodology in children with Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC). We retrospectively studied a cohort of pediatric patients with TSC and multiple tubers undergoing excisional surgery for drug resistant epilepsy.


Response to the Needs of Students with ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorder) During the Covid-19 Outbreak in Bangladesh

Sanjida Khanom*; Tonni Aktar

    Purpose: The study exposes the challenging situation of students with ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorder) in the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh and manageable strategies to meet the educational, physical and psychological needs of students with ASD.
Methodology: This qualitative research was conducted in two phases: information collection from parents of students with autism and looking for solutions from professionals. The snowball sample technique was selected for both phases due to the social distance rules.


Neuroprotective Effects and Changes in Intestinal Flora with the Huc-Mscs Treatment in LPS-Induced Inflammation Mouse Models

Yanjie Yang; Tong Lei; Hongwu Du*

    Neuroinflammation is a key factor leading to the occurrence of neurodegenerative diseases. Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hUC-MSCs) exert anti-inflammatory functions. However, the mechanism of the effect of hUC-MSCs therapy on the intestinal flora of neuroinflammatory models is still unclear. The purpose of this study is to explore the regulatory effect of hUC-MSCs on the intestinal flora of the LPS-induced neuroinflammation models...


Surgical Treatment of Spinal Nerve Sheath Tumors of the Cervical Spine with Paravertebral Growth

Slynko Ievgenii*; Derkach Urii; Alao Oluwateniola

    Object: Still, the question about the specific treatment of patients with SNTs of the cervical spine segment with paravertebral growth is insufficiently studied. This requires close attention and needs further improvement, which proves the relevance of the chosen topic and research area.
Solving the problem of improvement of treatment of SNSTs of cervical spine consists of evaluating the results of surgical treatment, and advanced surgical approaches used to remove these tumors.


A Rare Clinical Presentation - Subacute Respiratory Failure in ALS

Jonathan T Grossman*; Alexandra Lacqua; Asia Filatov; Marc Swerdloff

    Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive motor system disease involving upper motor neurons (corticospinal tract) and lower motor neurons (anterior horn cells). Asymmetrical distal weakness of one limb or bulbar weakness is the typical presentation. Subacute respiratory failure rarely occurs before the diagnosis is established. We present a case of respiratory failure from ALS that appeared after lumbar surgery following a prodrome of “benign” fasciculation’s.


Compressive Thoracic Myelopathy

Asia Filatov*; Thomas C Hammond; Marc A Swerdloff

    Thoracic myelopathy is quite rare and can present with a false localizing sensory level. Knowledge of its clinical features is essential to a timely diagnosis and treatment. Magnetic Resonance imaging of the thoracic spine is the test of choice to confirm the diagnosis. Lack of imaging of the neural elements by computed tomography masks spinal cord injury. We present four cases highlighting diagnostic missteps and clinical features to guide clinical management before and after surgical decompression.


Knowledge of ischemic stroke symptoms among healthcare professionals based on healthcare levels in an upper middle-income country: A cross-sectional questionnaire study in greater Gaborone, Botswana

Ookeditse Ookeditse*; Kebadiretse K Ookeditse; Thusego R Motswakadikgwa; Gosiame Masilo; Yaone Bogatsu; Baleufi C Lekobe; Mosepele Mosepele; Henrik Schirmer; Stein H Johnsen

    Objectives: In this cross-sectional study from Botswana, we investigated awareness and knowledge of ischemic stroke symptoms among healthcare professionals based on healthcare levels.
Method: Questionnaires including five common stroke symptoms and three detractors were administered to a representative selection of doctors, nurses, and paramedics working in both government and private primary and secondary healthcare facilities...


Intention Tremor as an Adverse Effect of Remdesivir Therapy for COVID-19 in an Obstetric Patient

Abraham John; Billie Hsieh*; Ankush Chandra; Erin Furr-Stimming; Mya C Schiess

    Remdesivir, an inhibitor of viral RNA polymerase, was initially developed as a potential treatment for hepatitis C and subsequently studied in Ebola, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) outbreaks. Now, the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has increased the global utilization of remdesivir as an experimental therapy for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)...


Stem Cell Therapy Modulates Microglial Polarization and Secretion in traumatic brain injury

Nasibeh Ghandy; Ali Gorji; Sajad Sahab Negah*

    Physical trauma to the Central Nervous System (CNS) activates different responses at the cellular level. Microglia as one of the first mediators of the inherent immune response in CNS plays a vital role in neuronal tissue damage and consequent neuroinflammation. Various characteristic features of microglia, such as gene expression, morphology, and functional activity can be affected by different pathological conditions. Once microglia chronically activated following a Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), the release of pro-inflammatory mediators and reactive oxygen species is increased, which may lead to further neural tissue damage.


Propranolol and Somatostatin Agonist Therapy Resulting in Symptom Improvement and Stabilization of von Hippel-Lindau-Associated Hemangioblastoma: A Case Report

Maran Ilanchezhian; Reinier Alvarez; Amanda Carbonell; Brigitte C Widemann; Prashant Chittiboina; Jaydira Del Rivero*

    Von Hippel-Lindau disease is an inherited, autosomal dominant tumor predisposition syndrome which leads to susceptibility for developing hemangioblastomas of the central nervous system and retina, as well as other tumor types. No approved systemic therapies exist for this disease. Here, we present a patient diagnosed with Von Hippel-Lindau disease, with central nervous system and retinal hemangioblastomas, treated with propranolol and subsequently with Lanreotide.


Low Dose Gabapentin for Behavioral Symptoms in Dementia with Lewy Bodies. Case Series, Brief Review of Pharmacology and a Hypothesis

Gregory Goldenberg*; Nwe Aye

    Aim: To evaluate low dose gabapentin in treatment of disruptive behavioral symptoms in patients with moderate- severe dementia with Lewy bodies.
Findings: Improvement in symptoms seen by clinician and caregivers supported by changes on respective scales.
Message: Preliminary positive evidence suggesting that low dose gabapentin can be used for treatment of patients with dementia with Lewy bodies.


High levels of C-Reactive Protein are Associated with Ischemic Stroke Short-term Outcome in Patients with the T Allele of the CRP rs1130864 Variant

Daniela Frizon Alfieri; Tamires Flauzino; Francieli Delongui; Marcio Francisco Lehmann; Maria Caroline Martins De Araujo; Rafaele Maria Tirolla; Nicolas Pivoto; Elaine Regina Delicato de Almeida; Andréa Name Colado Simao; Mariana Ragassi Urbano; Edna Maria Vissoci Reiche*

    Objective: C-reactive protein (CRP) has been associated with Ischemic Stroke (IS) risk and short-term outcome. We evaluated the association between the CRP rs1130864 variant (+1444 C>T) with susceptibility and short-term outcome of IS and levels of CRP.
Methods: We enrolled 168 IS patients and 166 controls. Baseline characteristics and blood samples were obtained up to 24 hours of hospital admission. The disability was evaluated using the Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) after three months and categorized as mild (mRS⟨3) and moderate/severe (mRS≥3)...


Long-Term Outcome of Open Thoracolumbar Fracture Dislocation with Neurologic Deficits Treated with Ilizarov External Spinal Fixator: A Rare Case Report

Jean Marie Vianney Hope*; Jean Paul Bitega; Francis Mugabo; Edmond Mukimbili; Albert Ndata

   Thoracolumbar junction is the transition segment between the relatively stiff thoracic spine and the mobile lumbar spine. This region especially predisposes for injury due to absence of costovertebral structures that provide additional supporter for vertebral column, and uncompleted transition to the full lumbar lordosis; and it is considered biomechanically the weakest point in the spine.


Is Ki-67 Index Overexpression in IDH Wild Type Glioblastoma: A Predictor of Shorter Progression Free Survival? A Clinical and Molecular Analytic Investigation

Daniele Armocida*; Antonio Santoro; Maurizio Salvati; Alessandro Frati; Alessandro Pesce

   Ki-67 proliferation index is widely used for differentiating between high and low-grade gliomas, but differentiating between the same grade IV appears to be more problematic, and the point about its prognostic value for GBM patients remains unclear. To reduce the possibility to find a marked histological heterogeneity, and may contain areas that could be diagnosed as lower grade.


Cerebellar ganglioglioma in a young woman

El Hamrouni Ikram*; Raftopoulos Christian; Duprez Thierry; Wilms Guido

    We describe a rare case of a cerebellar ganglioglioma in a 31-year-old woman discovered incidentally during a CT scan of the parotid glands. CT and MRI features are not specific, with mixed cystic and solid components with calcifications. Although rare, our case demonstrates that cerebellar ganglioglioma must be considered in the differential diagnosis of infratentorial tumors in young adult patients...


Difficulty in making differential diagnosis of Cervical Disc disease and shoulder discomfort

Ugur Ozdemir

    Objectives: Examination findings of cervical disc disease and shoulder disorders are similar. Therefore, it is difficult to distinguish these pathologies only by physical examination...


GFPT1 gene related congenital myasthenic syndrome: A treatable disorder mimicking limb girdle muscular dystrophy

Bhawna Sharma; Kadam Nagpal*; Swayam Prakash; Ashok Panagariya

    The Congenital Myasthenic Syndromes (CMS) are a group of neuromuscular diseases caused by genetic defects of muscle endplate. Symptoms are present at birth but may go unrecognized until adolescence or adulthood when clinical manifestations are mild and progression is gradual. Autosomal recessive inheritance account for all genetic forms except for slow channel syndrome having an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance...


Cardiac arrest soon after returning home in a patient who had received treatment for a convulsion

Youichi Yanagawa*; Kei Jitsuiki; Ken-ichi Muramatsu; Yoshihiro Kushida; Hiroki Nagasawa; Ikuto Takeuchi; Jun Shitara; Hiromichi Ohsaka; Kazuhiko Omori; Yasumasa Oode

    The patient was a 37-year-old woman with a past history of hypertension, convulsion, palpitation and depression who experienced tonic convulsion at her home. She was transported to our hospital. After the initial arrival, she had a 2nd convulsive episode in the emergency room. A neurologist checked her. As her vital signs were stable and she was free of neurological symptoms, the neurologist decided to discharge her to home...


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