Neurosurgery Department, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
This work was supported by Beijing Municiple Administration of Hospitals Incubating Program(PX2020039), Beijing, China & Tsinghua Precision Medicine Foundation(20219990008), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Mesenteric ischemia is a disease of blood vessels supplying intestine. It can be classified into two types as either acute or chronic. The acute variety is life threatening emergency due to acute reduction in blood flow to intestine and may result ultimately into bowel infarction. It is mainly due to arterial embolism, arterial thrombosis, Non-Occlusive Mesenteric Ischemia (NOMI) & mesenteric venous thrombosis. One should have a high index of suspicion and diagnose it early so that fast intervention can be planned for restoring bowel blood flow before fatal infraction and gangrene occurs.
In modern medicine, Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are an emerging field and some genetic mutations can cause ADRs. Among those, an arrhythmic clinical picture might be due to mutations in genes encoding either sodium, calcium or potassium channels. In such cases, the adverse drug reaction can be either dose dependent or independent with a variable risk of sudden cardiac death generally higher than in general population.
The aim of this review is to highlight the most important complications of A.V access which causes a socio-economic burden and need hospitalization with 36-39% of admissions related to dialysis access [1].
End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) is associated with severe morbidity, mortality, high cost for management and different impacts on general health [2].
Incidence of ESRD is on the increase worldwide at an annual growth rate of 8%, far more than the population growth rate of 1.3% [3].
Hypertension and atherosclerosis, due to dyslipidemia are the major risk factors of Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) and are among the leading causes of death world over. The co-occurrence of hypertension and dyslipidemia requires rigorous management using multiple therapy, a reason for low patient compliance. Attempts have been made to combine amlodipine besylate (antihypertensive) and simvastatin (lipid-lowering drug) in a fixed-dose matrix tablet for their differential release, i.e., amlodipine immediately and simvastatin after 8 h...
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